INTRODUCTION TO C++

Bjarne StropStrup invented the C++ at bell telephone laboratories in the year 1980’s.  C++ & VB is a high level language.

Data Types:

Integer   -      2 Bytes

Float      -      4 Bytes

Char      -      1 Byte

Double  -      8 Bytes

Long int       -      4 Bytes

Int:

Eg:

78, 34, 678, 1000 -------------

Float:

Eg:

67.003, 23.468, 78.3876 -------------

Char:

Eg:

‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, -------------------

String:

‘Table’, ‘Chair’, ‘Pen’, ‘Pencil’ -----------

Double:

Eg:

45.000000000000, 12.0123456789000 ------------

cout       -      Output Process

cin         -      Input Process

cout       -     << left shift

cin          -     >> right shift

Header Files: (PreProcesor)

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<malloc.h> etc…

Iostream.h = Input Output stream. HeaderFiles

Conio.h = Console Input Output . HeaderFiles

There are 32 Keywords

1.    Auto

2.    If    -

3.    Double -

4.    Struct

5.    Do -

6.    Long     -

7.    Signed

8.    Extern

9.    Typedef

10.                   Return  

11.                   Char      -

12.                   Register

13.                   Short

14.                   Sizeof    -

15.                   Break    -

16.                   Continue

17.                   Volatile

18.                   Goto     

19.                   Static

20.                   While    -

21.                   Float      -

22.                   Union   

23.                   Else              -

24.                   Switch   -     

25.                   Case      -

26.                   Enum

27.                   Const

28.                   Void      -

29.                   For -     

30.                   Unsigned

31.                   Default  -

32.                   Int  -

Syntax:

Main()

{

Variable Declarations;

Program Statements;

}

Command Line:

//   /*            */

--------------------------

/*-------------------------

//--------------------------

//--------------------------

----------------------------*/

--------------------------

“\n” =     New Line

“\t” =     Horizontal Tab

endl = end line

ShortCut Keys:

F1          =     Help

F2          =     Save

F3          =     Open

F5          =     Zoom

F6          =     To see the previous program

Alt F9   =     To compile the program

Ctrl F9  =     To run the program

Alt F5 (or) Getch() = To see the output answer

Alt X     =     Quit

Alt F     =     To open the File menu

Operators:

1.    Arithmetic Operator

2.    Relational and Logical Operator

3.    Arithmetic Assignment Operator

4.    Increment and Decrement Operator

5.    Bitwise logical Operator

1.Arithmetic Operator:

+, -, *, /, %

2.Relational Operator:

>, <, >=, <=, = =, !=

3.Arithmetic assignment Operator:

+=, -=, *=, /=, %=

4. Increment and decrement Operator:

++, --, SizeOf

++ = Increment Operator

-- = Decrement Operator

Prefix increment = ++i

Postfix increment = i++

Prefix decrement = --i

Postfix decrement = i--

5. Bitwise Logical Operator:

& - Bitwise Logical AND

|| - Bitwise Logical OR

^ - Bitwise Exclusive OR

<< - Left Shift

>> - Right Shift

 Prog:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int a,b,c;

clrscr();

cout<<“Enter a values:”;

cin>>a;

cout<<”Enter b values:”;

cin>>b;

c=a+b;

cout<<“Answer=” <<c;

getch();

}

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int cm;

float mt;

clrscr();

cout<<”Enter the value in centimeters:”;

cin>>cm;

mt=cm/100.0;

cout<<”The equivalent meter values is:”<<mt;

getch();

}